ML116418

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NOTES: NML studies, Narragansett Bay, 1950-65. Large numbers (100+) held in bay enclosures and laboratory aquaria for extended periods: dull growling and sustained groans, spontaneous and under duress. Sounds produced in air and under water when handled. Some growls during feeding. Fish, M.P. and W.H. Mowbray. 1970. Sounds of the Western North Atlantic fishes: a reference file of biological underwater sounds. Johns Hopkins Press. Baltimore. p. 160.